نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 6 (پیاپی 22، شهریور 1401)

The Iranian society has always faced numerous ups and downs in the process of its social capital and political trust, and the turning point of this development of social capital was manifested in the Islamic Revolution in such a way that with the decline of the social capital of the Pahlavi regime on the one hand and the synergy of the leadership of Imam transcendental values ​​and the movement of the people, on the other hand, the Islamic Republic system was established.Considering the various capabilities of the Islamic Revolution of Iranl the main question of this article is: What hopes and fears have been associated with the state of social-political trust in Iran in the form of social capital? The main hypothesis also refers to the proposition that political trust (related to governments) contained in social capital has been seriously improved with the beginning of the Islamic revolution in the levels of influence on the increase of socio-political participation, transcendental culture and socio-political cohesion, but in the following decades due to The increase in the level of the poverty line, social damages, the general perception of unsystematic corruption and social gaps have faced increasing and dangerous obstacles, of course, adhering to the subjective and objective perceptions of the value system of the Islamic Revolution and improving the efficiency of governments in accelerating progress and removing obstacles to trust. It is considered politically important. The methodology of the article is based on qualitative approach and inferential analysis technique.

Aircraft is a high-speed air vehicle and is used for various purposes, the most important of which is the transportation of people and objects. The expansion of the use of aircraft in passenger and freight transport has led to the consideration of aviation law as a separate branch of law. In this paper, we have tried to identify strengths and weaknesses as internal factors as well as opportunities and threats as external factors using the SWOT matrix method for the factors influencing aviation criminal law. Then compatible strategies were identified in each section and finally the best strategies were determined. According to the QSPM matrix, the ST4 option means "implementing a strategic plan to supply the air fleet and increase the execution rate in all companies" with a score of 10.9 as the main strategy and the ST5 option means "return on investment in the transport sector. The presence of the private sector in this field was chosen as the second strategy. ST1, ST2 and ST3 were selected as the next options.

Trust is considered as one of the most important components of social capital . In the typology of trust, public trust should be based on the example of acquaintances and others. Public trust is the second type of trust related to people in society , the circle of which is more comprehensive. And the third type of trust is institutional trust. In this study, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trust and social capital in Golestan province , which was assessed and studied . Golestan province due to its special social structure and population after reviewing the desirability, respectively. Individual trust, public trust, and finally institutional trust are placed at the top . It is also more in the next stage of public trust in the contract and finally the trust of the institution that the type of attitude and trust is not desirable .

The ingenuity of the constitutional legislature has led him to envision one of the most important missions of the judiciary, "the restoration of public rights and the promotion of justice and legitimate liberties." On this basis, the judiciary cannot sit idly by to squander rights. And then try to realize and enforce public rights! Rather, beyond that is the role of the judiciary in reviving and upholding the rights of the people; That is, even before the current act or omission that results in the violation or termination of public rights, the judiciary restores and restores these rights, for example, having clean air is one of the sub-branches of the right to enjoy the environment. It is healthy living, which is implicitly addressed in the constitution. The executive bodies (Environmental Protection Organization, relevant ministries, supervisory bodies, industry, production, etc.) have a duty to be bound by this public right. In case of violation of this right, a bed should be provided according to the defined legal mechanism so that the suspects and the victims can claim their right and the judiciary should act in the position of realizing the right and enforcing these rights; Of course, it should be borne in mind that mainly such social issues do not have or do not want a private plaintiff, and this is where the issue goes beyond the realization and resignation that the legislator has considered the issue of revival and settlement.

A Salafi refers to a group of Sunni Muslims who adhere to the religion of Islam and consider themselves followers of the righteous Salaf and in their actions and beliefs follow the Prophet of Islam, his companions and followers. The Salafis consider only the Qur'an and Sunnah as the sources of their rulings and decisions. Salafism has two main pillars: one is the return to the way of life and ideology of the righteous Salaf and finally the Sunnah of the Hijaz and especially the Sunnah of Medina 1400 years ago, and the second is the struggle against heresy, that is, everything that the Salafis consider new and contrary to tradition. Regarding Islam based on neo-Salafism, it should be acknowledged that neo-Salafism is based on new approaches in terms of principles and methods, and its emphasis is more on theological beliefs. And its founder is Ibn Taymiyyah Harrani. Now that the new Salafist current has come to power, a commitment to the former and traditional Salafist beliefs has undergone numerous changes and transformations. In a way that the neo-Salafis follow different methods in dealing with the theological and doctrinal ideas of the former Salafis.

The theory of Velayat-e-Faqih is the most pivotal foundation of the Islamic political system in the era of the absence of Imam al-Zaman (as). According to the defenders of this theory, its true meaning can be found in the word of revelation, which has both theological and jurisprudential principles. Unfortunately, in all past eras, this theory remained subjugated and abandoned in the field of power, but in the field of theorizing with dynamic and continuous ijtihad, it continued its growth until today, Shiite jurisprudence has designed a new horizon to In the shadow of this jurisprudential system, provide the engineering of the Islamic society with appropriate mechanisms. But with all these characteristics and having common points of thought, believers in the theory of Velayat-e-Faqih on the source of legitimacy and how to select and authority of the Supreme Leader, have disputes within the jurisprudential discourse that is one of the internal jurisprudential conflicts And popular legitimacy (theory of choice) has emerged. By analyzing in detail the constitutional negotiations and its principles, it can be said that the theory of democracy has been accepted within the scope of Sharia. And this discourse, in spite of the intra-jurisprudential discourse, has accepted the provisions of modern constitutional rights in the Al-Faragh region.

The will and freedom of human actions and on the other hand algebra and involuntary actions are among the long-standing issues that not only thinkers and philosophers who have attracted the general public He has studied the method of the Ahl al-Hadith and the Ash'arites, and the philosophical method and material determinism, and in the matter of authority, including the school of the delegates and the matter between the two, and the school of existentialism. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze Ayatollah Sobhani's critical approach to the issue of the sequence of infinite wills and the eternal will of God through a study-library method. The results showed that from the point of view of Ayatollah Sobhani, God has created the world with his will based on the system of cause and effect, and believing in the absolute will of God is not a matter of coercion. Sobhani believes that the divine will belongs to human free will and not to human actions. While the Ash'arites consider the subject of the divine will to be contrary to free will and in line with determinism, Sobhani, unlike the Ash'arites, considers the free will of man to be the subject of the divine will. Therefore, in his view, whatever the divine will is, it will not contradict human action, because God has placed the foundation on human freedom.

A welfare state is a government in which the provision and improvement of public welfare is the legal duty of the institutions of power. But this goal does not constitute an extra-legal act, or in other words, an act against the law by executors or citizens. Such a government will help all those who, for whatever reason, cannot afford it. This is done through the payment of a pension (minimum income) or other cash assistance. A welfare state means having prudent and intelligent policies to ensure at least a minimum standard of living for all and to promote equality in life opportunities, in which there is no doubt that all formal institutions need to focus on the provision of public services; Social security is a universal system of compulsory insurance. Social insurance consists of pension insurance, government health insurance, unemployment insurance and accident insurance; Governments provide social security because markets have failed to insure many of the important risks to individuals. On the other hand, the welfare state is a completely law-abiding government because the provision of free services always makes the profiteers think of abusing the predefined welfare benefits, which must be prevented and the violators punished. We will pay the duties of the Social Security Organization in order to provide services and fully comply with the laws

An examination of the relationship between foreign policy and political development shows that foreign policy discourse has always influenced different chapters of development and in the long run has affected various economic, cultural and political indicators in the international system. Explaining the relationship between foreign policy and political development in Iran shows that the relationship during the presidency of Khatami has a distinct color and affects various aspects of the international system. This descriptive-analytical study answers the question of the impact of the relationship between foreign policy and political development in Khatami's government on the international system. The findings of the study are based on the assumption that the policy of de-escalation of the Khatami government in the context of reforms has led to the growth of components of political development, which in turn has affected the international system in various cultural, economic and political aspects. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the foreign policy of Khatami's government in creating political development and in line with global equations in the direction of development and progress, which has had very positive effects on the international system. The perspective of the relationship between foreign policy and political development during Khatami's presidency has important implications for the international system in accepting cultural pluralism, which means opposition to the unipolar system, as well as results such as peace and friendship in the global paradigm and the participation of all nations. It has changed the conditions of the international system.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between modernization and urban development policies in Mashhad. The research method in this study is qualitative (theme analysis) and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes university professors, elites and specialists familiar with the field of modernization in Mashhad. Using purposive non-random sampling method and data adequacy and the principle of saturation, a total of 20 people were interviewed. Data were analyzed in three stages of open and axial and selective coding. The results show that before the revolution, the Western modernization style dominated the city and the Shah tried to implement the Western model in the city's development plans. After the Islamic Revolution, in the direction of urban development, direct and indirect intervention was made in the central part of Mashhad. But in the meantime, during the modernization of Mashhad in the post-Islamic Revolution, conflicts such as national and local conflict; The conflict between tradition and modernity and development without considering the principles of modernization has also emerged. The end result is the change of the city of Mashhad from a religious nature to a new modern city.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of modern government by considering Iran as a study sample. Although it is difficult to name a perfect example of a modern state, but some of the salient features and components of the modern state can be explained as a criterion and indicator to distinguish it from other forms of government. Rule of law, representative government, oversight, separation of powers, responsibility and accountability, impersonal power, authority and legitimacy can be considered as the most important principles of public law governing the normative and structural framework of the governing system for the establishment of modern government. In other words, the principles and foundations of public law, the characteristics and components mentioned and analyzed, are the vital pillars of any theory about the construction and nature of the modern state. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive. The results show that the theory of sovereignty is closely related to the theory of the modern state, and in the modern state, sovereignty belongs to those people and belongs to them, and the government is guided by the public will in exercising its authority. Another feature of the modern state is the rule of law. Also, the rule of law is based on the supremacy of laws with the content of guaranteeing the fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens.

Today, the development of mobile and smartphones technologies has increased popularity of social networks and also the importance of examining htat how users' purchases are formed in social networks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of advertising personalization on online shopping of users and especially users of Instagram. the conceptual model was formed by using the Delphi technique, and the structural equation method was used to analyze the relationships. the questionnaire distributes among a statistical sample of 384 Instagram users. The results show that the ethical personalization of advertising is positively related to awareness, credibility, creativity, entertainment, social value and trust. Awareness, credibility, creativity, entertainment, and social value are positively related to Flow experience and the value of advertising. The value of advertising, Flow experience and trust are influential components on online shopping.Personalization of advertisements can be defined as content adjustment based on the characteristics and needs of people, and the most obvious feature is the recommendation of services, because understanding user information and producing appropriate services can predict the user's goal. Active personalization may allow users to have a more integrated experience and smart services have a positive impact and better results for users.

Leadership and management in the formal and public education system as a mission-oriented activity is based on the principles, mission, goals and missions of the formal and public education system. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of leadership and managing change with a data foundation approach in the Iranian education system. The research method is mixed. Qualitative stage of inductive method and strategy of data foundation and Delphi fuzzy data theorizing and in quantitative stage, descriptive-survey type, fuzzy gap analysis strategy was used. Data collection is theoretically sufficient. Simultaneous coding and data chain coding was performed using Maxqda 18 software in 129 documents and in-depth interviews with 11 experts, which reached theoretical adequacy with 119 categories. The initial pattern of axial coding was provided to 12 experts from Farhangian University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Payame Noor and Azad, until the final pattern was determined by fuzzy Delphi method. A total of 80 categories remained in the final axial coding pattern. Theoretical and selective coding of theoretical ideas was obtained through writing techniques from the relationships between the categories in the central coding model. By de-fuzzy and fuzzy gap analysis, the desired and existing status of the components was expressed and using the importance/ performance matrix, it was determined that there is no indifference and loss domain and all indicators are important and were placed in two areas of acceptance and weakness

Self-disclosure is the process by which a person reveals to another person about himself, his thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, which have a great impact on improving intimate relationships with others. The main question of the research is what is the place of self-disclosure in the sociological approach? The main hypothesis of the article is that self-disclosure in schools is rooted in sociological theories of social influence and social exchange, and various advantages and disadvantages have been attributed to self-disclosure. The child's personality and development and underlying factors such as expectation of role play a role in self-disclosure and self-disclosure leads to the promotion of friendships, increased empathy and promotion of learning and on the other hand risks such as not controlling privacy and not accepting self-disclosure. it has. Therefore, the need to teach students the principles of self-disclosure in schools is clearly felt. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the data is collected in a library method.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of talent management and breeding in developing the performance of Iranian auditing firms. The study population was all independent auditors working in Iranian auditing firms. Based on this, the required information was collected from 384 independent auditors working in Iranian audit firms as a statistical sample. Research data analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software using structural equation modeling. The results showed that talent management through succession breeding at the level of individual competence has a significant effect on the performance of audit firms. Talent management through succession at the level of organizational competence has a positive and significant effect on the performance of audit firms. Talent management through succession breeding in the field of knowledge creation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of audit firms. Talent management through succession in the application of knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the performance of audit firms. Talent management through succession breeding in the field of talent development has a positive and significant effect on the performance of audit firms. Therefore, it can be said that increasing talent management through the establishment of succession dimensions can lead to improving the performance of auditing firms.

Historically, many studies in the areas of behavior and emotion discovery in organizations have borrowed from the concept of fear, but from the perspective of the concept of organizational fear and models for managing it, a wide range of articles will not be found. Therefore, in this study, beyond the descriptions and categories of employee fear to go to a deeper understanding of the nature and types of factors affecting and affecting organizational fear. The purpose of this study was not only to advance theory and research, but also a practical goal, because a clear understanding of the factors and effects of organizational fear will be the first step towards its purposeful management.

In this study, the antecedents and consequences of organizational fear and moving towards the development of its management model were determined from the methods, and from the combined method of O. Sandlowski and Rousseau (2007).Findings and analysis:Finally, this research identified 3 general themes including 8 categories and 14 themes as antecedents and 2 general themes with 5 categories and 14 themes as the consequences of organizational fear using the meta-combined method and reviewing 24 related articles.

The results of this study showed that many individual, organizational, environmental and even macroeconomic and social factors have caused employee fear in organizations and this fear will lead to many organizational and individual problems. Therefore, moving towards developing an organizational fear management model will be a necessary step in the next steps.

In this study, we will examine the effect of credit on investment motivation in the agricultural sector. For this purpose, the time series data of the Central Bank of Iran in the period 1397-1364 (2018-1985) has been used. The variables used to test the research hypotheses are the shadow exchange rate variable (E, corporate market index (IS), food price index (PF) and the dependent variable in this study is the Tobin variable, based on the results of econometric tests. Using Eviews and Microfit software, Johansen-Josilius and ARDL co-integration tests, the results show that in the long run, payment credits (CR) have a positive and significant effect on investment incentives in Iran's agricultural sector. In the long run, the stock market index of companies (SI) has a positive and significant effect on investment motivation in Iran's agricultural sector.In other trade variables, the analysis results show that in the long run, the independent variable Y (currency) affects the dependent variable Q Tobin in The level of 10% is not statistically significant (Prob. <0.1) .And as can be seen, interest rates (R) in the long run have a negative effect on the dependent variable Q Tobin and the variables of food price index (PF) and agricultural exports (EX) have a positive effect on the dependent variable Q Tobin د. Also, in the short run, the results of data analysis show that in the long run, payment credits (CR) have a positive and significant effect on investment motivation in Iran's agricultural.

The Universality of human rights is one of the most prominent contemporary issues and has been able to transform the traditional concept of governance to respond to developments that man in life in the world and proves the relative concept of sovereignty. Today's desires of the international community show how the expansion, learning and universal human rights are in line with the interests of all nations and members of the United Nations. The main question of the research is how does the world of human rights affect the sovereignty of governments? The results of the research show that, in spite of all pressures and restrictions that were created in the freedom and performance of a country, the universality of human rights has not been able to eliminate national sovereignty. But he has been able to evolve the concept and realm of governments. The progress of modern technologies and the expansion of mass communication means are very influential factors in this regard.

Arbitration has become more common today than ever before to achieve more favorable results by relying on such factors as speed in proceedings, maintaining a good relationship, keeping secrets and expertise. In the cooperative sector, this institution can also be attributed to the time of the law on the cooperative sector and in the definition of the duties of the unions and the cooperative chamber, but it has received less attention. The question that arises is what is the place of arbitration in resolving disputes related to cooperatives? Today, dispute resolution in cooperatives can be done through three sources; Inspector of the company, the Ministry of Cooperatives and Arbitration in the arbitration authorities, which is the same as the Chamber of Cooperatives and the unions of the cooperative sector.After a dispute arises in companies and cooperative unions, according to the law of the cooperative sector, the elimination of profits must first begin within the company. Accordingly, according to paragraph 3 of Article 40 of the Law on the Cooperative Sector, the complaint of the members of the cooperative companies is first processed through the inspector or inspectors in order to obtain their legal opinion on the disputed issue. Also, the Ministry of Labor Cooperation and Social Welfare is considered as a reference in resolving disputes according to Article 66 of the Law on Cooperative Sector. Another authority that is competent to handle members' complaints is the unions of cooperatives and the cooperative chamber.

This article has been compiled under the title of Developmental Structuralism of Izz al-Din al-Mansara's short poems. Developmental structuralism is the main title of Goldman's methodology, which is influenced by dialectical and historical materialism. To understand this issue and the meaningful relationship of the literary work with the social and historical structure of the period to which it is related, Goldman explains the two processes of analysis and recognition of the literary text, which, of course, are related to each other. In fact, "this kind of critique is specific to realist literature in which the literary text is seen as a reflection of social relations, and the thematic and thematic critique when it focuses on social relations and structures is the same as sociological critique." Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine these relations in the short poem of Izz al-Din al-Manasra, beyond Goldman's theory of structuralism, and considering the reasons and evidences that exist in confirming and proving the two-way connection between social phenomena and literature. The results of this study also show that the style of short poetry in Al-Mansareh focuses on the superiority and presentation of a specific idea that is directly and without using the free communication style of the past.

One of the main and key aspects of governance in the political system is the position of judge. Judgment is the most obvious position that is very important from a legal, jurisprudential and social point of view and has many challenges in the governmental organization. It is important because it shows the commitment to the law and the seriousness in doing so in protecting all human rights. In any government, the judge and the judiciary and fair judgment have a high status and great importance. The judge is the executor of the law and the guardian of justice. Judgment is an important matter that among its various subjects, the issue of independence and attributes such as knowledge and being a mujtahid is important and valuable, because the existence of these conditions is the prelude to the realization of justice. For many, the question may arise as to whether the judge should be independent or not and whether the judge's knowledge should be at the level of ijtihad or not. And what are the evidences and principles that distinguish an independent judge and a mujtahid? According to the questions raised, the present study, which has been conducted by the method of documentary and library study, with the aim of jurisprudential and legal study of the independence, science and ijtihad of judges seeks to answer these questions.

This research has been done in order to study the legal theories in the field of representation in dealing with oneself in Iranian law and the theories proposed in jurisprudence and its application to the British legal system. On the other hand, one can take a closer look at the scope of a lawyer's authority in the transaction. Therefore, the agency is first stated as a legal relationship by which a person has the right to perform legal acts on behalf of and on behalf of another person, so that the effects of those actions directly affect the latter, which according to this definition of common funds. And its difference with other institutions is clear. Regarding the basis of agency, among various theories, the theory of succession due to creative will and the ruling of the legislator has been preferred, and in discussing the legal nature of agency, we considered contractual agency as a kind of right. In the matter of the territory of the representative, it was concluded that according to the general principle, there is the possibility of representation and representation in any matter, unless it is excluded by the legislator or it is not rationally possible.

Ownership is one of the new legal institutions that has entered Iranian law in the last century. Although this type of ownership has existed in jurisprudence since ancient times in the form of a common contract, there are differences with today's time-sharing that is manifested in English law. In English law, time ownership or time sharing has entered into the law of this country in two common and joint ways, which in terms of being common has the same relative nature as Iranian law. Considering this legal institution in the two countries mentioned, we try to study this issue in an analytical-descriptive way in the law of Iran and Britain and to determine the similar points and its differences in the law of the two countries. The results of the research show that in British law, ownership in time sharing is complete and absolute, while in Iran, ownership is created in a common way.

Background and Purpose; Postmodern criminology, with a new reading of the concept of crime in criminal law, has mainly made crime the ruling political and cultural system and criticized the inefficiency of modern criminal law and Islamic normative systems, to differentiate the concept of crime in the light of rejecting assumptions. And devotional concepts in criminal law, rejecting scientific and rational etiology, critique of legal, material and spiritual elements of crime, and believing in relativity and plurality and diversity has adopted a new approach to criminalization that the articles of the Islamic Penal Code sometimes to this component They get closer and sometimes farther away. The most important question before, how to read a crime based on postmodern ideas, how to draw a picture of a crime and what are the similarities and differences with criminology approved by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1392?research method; The collected materials are based on library studies, receipts, and data analysis. The use of research papers and articles and law books in this field has also benefited greatly.

With all the measures provided to control the detention of an innocent person in the international dimension and the domestic law of countries, there are many cases in which the accused is not entitled to detention and unjustly detained without observing the legal conditions or He was imprisoned due to a judicial error. In such cases, compensation for the innocent detainee is an important issue that needs to be addressed due to the violation of the fundamental rights of individuals.The question that arises in this case is how an innocent detainee can seek compensation. The findings of the study indicate that in both the Iranian and American legal systems, despite the differences in substance (positive and negative) and the form and manner of claiming compensation, there are similarities between the two legal systems and Civil liability for compensation to an innocent prisoner in both systems is the responsibility of the state, with the difference that in Iranian law, if the detention is the result of a biased declaration of a crime, false testimony or fault of judicial authorities, The state can refer to the main responsible after compensation.While in American law, according to the principle of absolute immunity of judges, the responsibility lies with the state.This article tries to use descriptive-analytical method, Examine the conditions, proceedings and manner of claiming damages for innocent prisoners in the Iranian legal system with a look at US law

Hospitals are very complex, bureaucratic and multi-specialized social organizations that are allocated a large part of the health system's budget. Patients expect accessible, safe, high-quality, effective and reliable services from hospitals. Therefore, hospital managers should try to provide effective, high-quality and safe services efficiently. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of accreditation on the quality assurance of management programs of Navy hospitals.

The current research is a descriptive survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population is all the hospital administrators of the army navy, 110 of them were selected through targeted sampling. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire.

According to the findings of the research, it can be acknowledged that accreditation can guarantee the quality of hospital management programs. But due to the low coefficient of some accreditation components, it still needs to be improved. Therefore, managers can help to improve and guarantee the quality of hospital programs with proper planning for the implementation of accreditation and evaluation.

Fiscal federalism theorists have long been intrigued by the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty. Few people, however, consider cross country research of similar linkages in developing countries. This research will provide new empirical evidence on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty. It focuses on how the function of institutional quality can explain the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty in 53 developing countries from 1990 to 2014. The findings showed that a process-based approach as well as an outcome-based institutional-quality approach could explain the relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty. In the case of democracy, revenue decentralization was found to be negatively and significantly related to poverty. In the case of, both revenue and expenditure decentralization was negatively and significantly associated with poverty. In addition, in this article, we intend to answer these questions whether financial decentralization is more effective in countries with high institutional quality or not. And is there a non-linear relationship between financial decentralization and poverty?

The aim of the present study is the pathology of the educational guidance system to provide a desirable model. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection and has been done in both quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population in the qualitative section is 30 experts in the field of educational sciences and in the quantitative section are 200 educational administrators, consultants, experts and facilitators. Among them, 132 people were selected as the sample size based on the Cochran sample size formula and based on stratified random sampling method. The data collection method of the present study consists of two parts, which include library studies and field research. An open researcher-made interview and questionnaire were used to collect field information. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method has been used to design the initial model of pathology of the educational guidance system. The partial least squares method was used to validate the model. In the qualitative part, content analysis of Maxqda software and structural-interpretive analysis with MicMac and at least partial squares with Smart PLS have been performed.

Children and adolescents are in a much more sensitive situation than adults due to their specific age, physical and mental conditions. Therefore, cases such as delinquency require special and different measures. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to examine the role and authority of the competent authorities in the preliminary investigation of juvenile delinquency in the two criminal systems of Iran and the United States, to clarify the structure of this issue and to find out their differences and determine that the two countries What strategies have been adopted to improve the investigation of juvenile delinquency in the preliminary investigation stage? The legal articles of the two countries' procedures that are related to the issue have been reviewed, and at the end of the research, suggestions have been made to modify the duties and apply all the principles contained in the lawJudicial recourse has been envisaged at various levels to address all the crimes committed by these individuals, and of course in cases where a child is detained for delinquency, the arresting officer must immediately understand the juvenile in a comprehensible manner, of legal rights. He should inform and immediately inform the Attorney General and the parents, the juvenile guardian, the custodian of such detention

The Iranian Women's Organization was established in 1966. The news item indicates the establishment of a women's organization in the second Pahlavi period, whose ultimate goal and mission was to increase the cultural, social and economic awareness of Iranian women. The organization had about four hundred branches throughout Iran and pursued its goals by establishing nine separate committees. The emphasis of the Women's Organization was on increasing the education of women and girls and providing facilities for them to enter the labor market. To this end, the Family Health and Welfare Committee had the most important task in the Fifth Development Plan with a specific budget.The purpose of the present study is to review and explain the process of establishment and operation of the Family Health and Welfare Committee of the Women's Organization. The research question is what services this committee has provided according to the definitions of assistance and what have been its weaknesses. This research has been done by content analysis method and relying on main sources, archival documents.Findings show that the Committee on Family Health and Welfare in the field of health, assistance to homeless families, vocational training and family and legal advice, to increase awareness and expand employment and promote the role and position of women in various social and cultural affairs, a suitable platform Provided and paved the way for coherent aid actions.

Amir Momenan Ali (AS) is a figure that all the great men of Islam, including Shiites and Sunnis, and even scholars and scientistsVarious nations and religions have spoken and written about his virtues and virtues; But the expression of these virtues of languageThe Lord of the Universe, the great Prophet of Islam, has a special place that shows his greatness and high position.One of the important places where these virtues and virtues have been expressed by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the day of Ghadir, whichThe Holy Prophet (PBUH) while introducing the Commander of the Faithful (AS) as his successor, enumerated them in a long speech; ThisThe article intends to identify and analyze the principles of the Alawite biography, which corresponds to the prophetic biography.The Lord of the Universe, the great Prophet of Islam, has a special place that shows his greatness and high position.One of the important places where these virtues and virtues have been expressed by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the day of Ghadir, whichThe Holy Prophet (PBUH) while introducing the Commander of the Faithful (AS) as his successor,

Legislative assemblies in democratic governments have a special importance which are referred to as fundamental institutions; so that after the introduction of this concept in during the constitutional period, it has attracted the attention of jurists and thinkers. Given the importance of this issue, the question is; what is the position of the parliament in Iran from the perspective of figh and public law? Considering in this area can be found that the dominant approach to the concept of representation of efforts to localize this emerging institution in Iran. However, by examining each of the views expressed in relation to the position of the representative, it can be seen that the scholars and thinkers emphasized on the implementation of this emerging institution on sharia law. But it seems that the concept of representation, despite its similarity with the power of attorney contract, cannot be compared with it. This is because representation, as one of the modern concepts of public law, has its own rules and characteristics, according to which it is by no means logical with the so-called advocacy in figh, but in terms of non-conflict with the principles and norms of Sharia, it has been accepted in the form of customary terms.

Human life in the world, both in the past and today has raised various issues in relation to oneself and others. In the meantime, the social environment that man has chosen for his life, whether it is a small group or a large society, issues and challenges. Has seen many aspects that both the environment of society and the personality of the individual have influenced this process. To maintain its organization and continue its life, it is necessary to constantly adapt new people to itself. Given the expansion of conflicting areas of privacy and crime prevention, this research is essential. The purpose of this study is to explain the areas of crime prevention and the role of preventive government oversight in this regard. Based on this, the question arises as to which area of ​​privacy can be in conflict with crime prevention? The answer to this hypothesis is that situational prevention can conflict with citizens' privacy. The research method is descriptive-analytical. As a result, the government should exercise its oversight role exceptionally and not enter into privacy-related areas unless expedient and necessary.

The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the financial statements in accordance with the entrepreneurial marketing of companies. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was approved by experts. The statistical population of this study included 570 managers and employees of the departments and managements of the National Company for Southern Oilfields. Also, the second population was experts and professors and strategic managers aware of financial management and marketing. The research sample includes 291 managers and employees who were randomly selected and 15 people were selected from the group of experts by snowball method. To answer the research question, review the hypotheses and analyze the collected findings, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with SPSS and Expert Choice software were used.The results of data analysis showed that, dimensional location of financial information, financial information interconnection, financial information classification management, preparation of cash flow statement, separation and separation of financial information, adaptive table, liquidity and risk-taking flexibility, creation Value, and resource leverage were obtained by experts using the Delphi method. In the end, using the TOPSIS technique, the identified criteria were prioritized, with the first priority being the separation and segregation of financial information with the highest priority and risk. They had the lowest priority

This article examines the role and influence of urban civic institutions in Iran's political development. Accordingly, the main question is: What effect do the duties, powers and performance of urban civic institutions have on Iran's political development? The temporary answer to the present question is: Urban civic institutions will lead to Iran's political development by exercising the duties and powers enshrined in the law and raising the level of civil participation in governance. The city council of developed countries has a wide range of responsibilities. In many countries, the affairs of an independent ministry are the responsibility of the city council in developed countries. This system of decentralization has left many matters directly to the collective wisdom of the citizens. Therefore, the performance of the city council is directly related to the wishes of the citizens of developed countries, and it can perform better than the city councils in a There is a centralized system (like Iran), observed.

With the increasing number of sports operations and the widespread acceptance of sports by the people and, consequently, the increasing rate of injuries during sports, the issue of civil liability in sports is emerging. Among these, martial arts are different from other sports in terms of causing physical injuries due to the many physical conflicts that they have during exercise. The purpose of this article is to investigate the dimensions and examples of fault and responsibility of martial arts coaches as a social phenomenon. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, which has been done mainly by using primary research sources and reading jurisprudential-legal sources. The results showed that by defining the duties of coaches, the scope and scope of these responsibilities will be determined. Martial arts coaches have responsibilities for performing their duties in the field of sports. If they fail to perform their duties, they will have civil liability, which may be due to the act or omission of the coach. The responsibility of a martial arts instructor is the instructor's obligation to compensate for the damage caused to another as a result of his or her act or omission.

Review:Ayatollah Khamenei's active style strategy is a practical political solution in order to break the foundation and fundamentally shape the structuralism of the ruling system in the domestic and international arena. Because his formulated policy, the negation of domination and domination based on dignity, wisdom, expediency and anti-exploitation, oppression, humiliation, tyranny, is formulated against one-sidedness. Active resistance is a practical strategy in search of strengthening resistance in economic, political, scientific, and military dimensions in the face of threatening crises, to have resilience, especially to restore and rebuild economic and defense structures, and to emphasize the advantages of internal power, prudent rational management, and self-belief. has it. The main question of this research is how can the active resistance against the rule system in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought be explained?In the findings section, by emphasizing the internal strength of defense, by benefiting from the rule of negation of mustache, internal reliance and introversion of production and export products, it emphasizes the unity and relations of Muslim neighbors and defense strengthening. This article is descriptive-qualitative in terms of method and examines the type of transformative thought and behavior.Keywords: practical strategy, active resistance, political style, mustache negation, neorealism

Today, science and technology are a fundamental principle for countries and societies seek to acquire knowledge in various ways. This research seeks to show that scientific and technological diplomacy is a necessity in development and part of a country's development process is achieved through scientific exchanges. For this purpose, this research seeks to find provable answers and clear implications of the role of scientific and technological diplomacy in development. The statements made in response to this question are: Scientific and technological diplomacy it will eventually lead to development by accepting and exchanging foreign students, international academic cooperation and establishing scientific relations and interaction and cooperation of researchers in the world arena through study opportunities, joint research projects, joint conferences and articles. The data collection method is based on the documentary method, the research strategy is deductive based, and the data analysis method is based on the descriptive-explanatory method and is inspired by a theoretical framework corresponding to scientific and technological diplomacy.

Tourism has become a global industry, and is recognized as one of the most developed and thriving tourism industries. Medical tourism is an industry that is growing rapidly and has provided special opportunities for international organizations to gain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic model of medical tourism for Iran. The present research is methodologically a type of research with a combined method with two approaches of qualitative and quantitative research. In terms of purpose, this research is considered as a development research and the research approach of this study is inductive-deductive in terms of data collection logic. The statistical population in the qualitative section is 20 university experts and in the quantitative section of tourists, the sample size is 384 using the Cochran's formula. Sampling method in the qualitative part is the purposeful method and in the quantitative part is the simple random method due to the heterogeneity and dispersion of the statistical population. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is through the research literature (identifying dimensions using internal and external research) and in the second part is a questionnaire.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the following elements between Iran and Turkey within the time period of 1990 until now:- Social contexts of the economic development programs- Elements and principles of the economic development- Social and economic indicators of the development programsThe research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done via research and investigation through economic books, articles, magazines, newspapers and, scientific and legal databases on the Internet. Then the data analysis of gathered information was performed under the supervision of professors in sociology and economics. Our analysis shows that the social development trends in Turkey have been carried out under the influence of economic liberalization waves. Turkey's participation in the global economy has made it inevitable for the European Union to apply strategic restrictions on Turkey's structural approach. Localization of politics, religion and democracy can be considered as one of the indicators that has been formed during the second wave of political, social and economic development in Turkey. In Iran, various socio-economic development plans (first to sixth Comprehensive Development Plan) have been developed and implemented, which emphasize on education, healthcare, women's empowerment, public participation, economic liberalization, and comprehensive development of society and economics.

ObstractWith the beginning of constitutional movement in the early 20 century, Fars estate and the city of Shiraz was the center of constitutional political changes in the south of Iran to the extent that it was considered the second state after Tehran that whose constitutionalist consisting of intellectuals, guilds, scholars and neighborhood chiefs started a general movement against domestic tyranny and favorable to constitutionalism, they sent their representatives to the first parliament .The formation of state associations in Shiraz which later took place by inviting Solat - ol - Doleh, Head of the Qashqai tribe and Seyed Abdol- Hessein Lari, influential cleric of the south to confront the Qavam family, intensified the peak of constitutionalism in Fars. According to this, this research is trying to answer this question that the leaders of constitutional of Shiraz were able to achieve the constitutional ideals? In response to this question, this hypothesis was suggested that internal contradictions of the members of the associations, lack of effective police force , the dependence of some of its members on the governor of Fars and personal purposes against the family of Qavam-Ol-Molk Shirazi didn't provide the necessary approaches for constitutionalism. Therefore, Fars state associations didn't cultivate a favorable environment for the growth of constitutional ideas such as law, equality and establishment of justice hom.Key words: Fars, constitutionalism, state associations, scholars, the tribal chiefs

International management of international straits in specific situations is one of the most important international issues today from the perspective of the Convention on the Law of the Sea. International strait management strategies in specific situations exist both in the Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the provisions of the Convention. The Convention on the Law of the Sea relating to the international management of international straits in special situations, such as coercion and war, recognizes the principle of the survival of rights based on safe passage and transit. They remain on their own. The effect of special situations on the management of international straits is that in no particular situation, the country adjacent to the strait has the right to block the international strait, and in case of blocking the international strait, international responsibility is created for the blocking country. Finally, in certain critical situations, it is possible to temporarily suspend the passage until the special situation has been resolved and some inspections have been carried out, and the provisions of the Convention on the Law of the Sea do not allow further in certain situations. Because special situations are temporary situations that arise, the Convention on the Law of the Sea calls for the co-operation and co-operation of the countries adjacent to the Strait and the transit countries as the main strategy of international management.

Civil partnership is a contract through which natural or legal persons calendar their capital in order to increase profits by investing in economic, productive and commercial activities, etc., in the form of cash and non-cash shares of the company. However, in the social system of society, which is based on cultural, legal and political relations, sometimes for reasons of nature or form, there is no solution other than dissolving the contract. As we know in civil law, the effect of a company contract is possession, and in order for the company to be realized, the property of the partners must be mixed or spread for another reason. Therefore, in order to investigate the factors of dissolution of the partnership agreement, in addition to examining the causes that lead to the dissolution of permissible contracts, it is necessary to study the causes that also cause the dissemination to disappear. For this reason, in this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the factors that cause the dissolution of the company and its dissemination.

After the Safavid court gave up its extensive support for the art of Iran's book designing doctrine , it began to decline, and some of the artists of the Safavid court migrated to India at the invitation of the Gorkan rulers.The presence of these artists and their supervision of Gurkanian's bookdesigning workshops caused the transfer and expansion of many aesthetic achievements of Iranian art in the newly established Gurkanian doctrine . This research has been done with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the Gurkani gilding school from Safavid and also investigating the similarities and differences between these two doctrines.And for this purpose, a Qur'an from the Safavid period and a Qur'an from the Gurkan period have been selected and analyzed. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that because of the very close relationship between this government and the migration of some Iranian artists to India, Gorkani gilding has been influenced by Safavid gilding.Finally, it can be concluded that Gurkani art, despite all its similarities to Safavid art, has changed over time and found its own nature and independence.

In Iranian society, it has often been thought that the institution of state, as an actor, has always been opposed to democracy and has hindered its institutionalization. Despite Comments for and against this relatively pervasive notion, it seems that after the Islamic Revolution, the institution of state has been in a status of fluctuation between agreeing and denying the institutionalization of democracy. The present research question is: what has been the role of the state in the institutionalization of democracy through its impact on social classes and class structure? After the revolution, the state, as a powerful institution, opposed or supported institutionalization through its policies. Process tracking technique has been used to conduct this research. According to the findings the state in Iran as a powerful institution has played a dual role in the institutionalization of democracy through its policies. The state, through its system of planning and economic policies, has led to the unbalanced expansion of classes, and at the same time, the class divide in society has intensified. In other words, despite the fact that class coalition and compromise have been prevented, but with the support and expansion of the middle class, and especially its new section, it has supported the single-class institutional model.

Natural disasters are harmful. The damage caused by it is such that it puts many people in a catastrophic situation. The government, due to limited resources, cannot be responsible for all damages and compensate them, and its intervention is more restorative than compensation. Considering the vast and rapid developments in the political and legal opinions of societies as well as in economy and technology; And considering the variety of damages that can be claimed, the traditional civil responsibility elements cannot be responsible for such damages, and the solution is to distribute the costs of compensation to the victims of these accidents in the society. In fact, by accepting collective responsibility and creating a suitable mechanism, the insurance industry can be brought back to compensate for the damage. The law establishing the General Natural Disaster Insurance Fund approved on 8/5/2013 was inspired by this theory and is considered a progressive law in its own right, but because it focuses on residential units and under certain conditions, it is non-residential and neglects the coverage of movable property and life damages. and in addition, its insurance mechanism is facing serious problems; It seems that the law needs to be amended and completed to include both employees, merchants, hoteliers and tenants, and to cover other damages such as physical damage.

Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought as a pioneering intellectual and theoretical approach in the political history and jurisprudence of Shia is of special interest and investigation from various dimensions. In this sublime political thought, the Islamic government can be explained and understood as a dominant discourse. In fact, in Ayatollah Khamenei's wise conceptualization of the role and position of the Islamic government, important components such as the position and origin of sovereignty, the position of leadership, and the position of the government have been evaluated as very important, and paying attention to the different dimensions of each of them can give an image Provide more clarity. Considering the importance of the position of the Islamic government in the intellectual system of Ayatollah Khamenei, in this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the different dimensions of the subject by using the descriptive-analytical method and according to the theoretical framework of the necessity of the Islamic government. In fact, the basic question of the article is how can the Islamic government be explained in the political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei? In response, it will be explained that the Islamic government can be explained in the political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei with three central issues: the position of sovereignty, the role of leadership and the position of the state.

The realization of the principles governing and overseeing free and fair elections has always been a serious concern of human rights documents and treaties in such a way that the absence of these principles will seriously damage the holding of elections in any country. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, after dozens of elections were held and numerous weaknesses and deficiencies emerged, including the scattering of electoral laws and regulations, efforts to formulate a comprehensive law in the field of elections attracted the attention of the executive agents of the country, and in this regard, in the year 2017 and after many struggles, the comprehensive election bill was finally submitted to the Islamic Council for approval by the then government. The important and fundamental question of the current research is what are the most important challenges and obstacles to the comprehensive election bill? The present research aims to examine the most important challenges and obstacles to the comprehensive election bill in the light of some principles of free and fair elections within the framework of the descriptive-analytical method. . The findings and results of the current research show that the current comprehensive election bill is far from the full realization of the principles and foundations of free and fair elections.

Organizational Rumors is an organizational syndrome that, if not managed, can have irreversible effects on the performance of Public Organizations. Therefore, in this study, we seek to find a model of organizational rumor management Approachs at Payame Noor University, which is spread across 174 university units across the country. Now the main question of the research is How can we design an Organizational Rumors Management Conceptual Model for Payame Noor University?The study is a mixed research and is conducted in two qualitative and quantitative sections so in response to question, after reviewing the literature and conducting structured interviews, 50 indexes were extracted and evaluated by the panel of Delphi experts in 3 stags and 47 indicators were approved Finally, by performing exploratory factor analysis, 47 indicators were classified into nine categories and formulated a model for Organizational Rumors Management in Payame Noor University. Cronbach's alpha coefficient(0/877) indicated the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire.The results of the research show that all 9 main components of the model include Organizational Healthing(0/76), Information Vaccination(0/83), Rumor Clinic(0/64), Systemic Justice(0/52), Link Building(0/67), Glass Organization(0/57), Group Orienting(0/44), Organizational Reconstruction(0/54), Direct Confrontation(0/67) have an impact on the organizational rumors management in Payame Noor University.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Organizational Healthing & Information Vaccination & Rumor Clinic & Systemic Justice & Link Building & Glass Organization & Group Orienting & Organizational Reconstruction & Direct Confrontation have an impact on the organizational rumors management in Payame Noor University.

The integrated approach to curriculum design means distancing oneself from the traditional curriculum model, which, by relying on independent learning domains (curriculum materials), leads to dispersion and divergence in students' learning experiences. School curricula and the ability to respond quickly and respond to current issues can be considered as one of the most important advantages or justifications for the integrated approach in the curriculum. The purpose of this study was to design a model of socialization (social education) based on the integrated approach. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of the applied type.The statistical population was in the qualitative part of curriculum specialists and education experts and in the quantitative part of social science teachers in the academic year 1399-1398 in Bushehr province. The tool used in the qualitative part of the interviews and the summary of documents was extracted using the content analysis method of the sequential model of Meering and the deductive categorization system of 70 codes and 18 themes, and in the quantitative part, the tool used was The researcher had made a questionnaire using Ro Factor analysis, main and sub-components were analyzed and based on it, the model elements were presented based on: objectives, content, learning activities and evaluation of integrated curricula and if the curriculum system is reviewed in the above elements. , Can strengthen socialization in the process of the primary education system.

The legislator has a high sensitivity towards the crimes committed by government employees and the violation of the rights of the treasury, so that sometimes some prescribed punishments are very heavy for people who are somehow attributed to the government in the sense of sovereignty. Although according to Article 173 of the Constitution, the interpretation of the law is the responsibility of the Islamic Council, but the judicial authorities can also give personal interpretations to what is close to the legislator's interpretation of the legal texts. But sometimes the legislator leaves the way for interpretation by using words similar to "other" and "like" and sometimes by removing similar sentences for the sake of brevity in writing legislation; However, this issue causes ambiguity in the text of the law and creates different interpretations. The thirteenth chapter of the Islamic Penal Code is the section on punishments as violations by government officials against the government, which in the first article of this chapter, under article 598, by including non-governmental organizations, creates a contradiction in the title of the chapter with the texts of the articles, but what causes different interpretations. becomes